{"id":58750,"date":"2023-06-15T10:23:27","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T17:23:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/?p=58750"},"modified":"2023-07-06T10:24:05","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T17:24:05","slug":"dont-call-it-magical-realism-latin-american-writers-use-imagination-and-fantasy-to-explain-the-world-around-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/?p=58750","title":{"rendered":"Don\u2019t Call It Magical Realism: Latin American Writers Use Imagination and Fantasy to Explain the World Around Them"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_author tdi_66 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_66\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\">\n<div class=\"tdb-author-name-wrap\"><span class=\"tdb-author-by\">By<\/span><a class=\"tdb-author-name\" href=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/author\/pilar\/\">Pilar Marrero<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_date tdi_67 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_67\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2023-06-14T12:25:59-07:00\">Jun 14, 2023<\/time><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_subtitle tdi_68 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_68\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\">\n<p>Across Latin America, writers who once turned to magical realism to capture the realities of the region are increasingly turning to science fiction and fantasy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_featured_image tdi_69 tdb-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_69\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb td-animation-stack-type0-2\" title=\"library books\" src=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/library-books.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/library-books.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/library-books-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/library-books-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/library-books-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/library-books-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/library-books-696x464.jpg 696w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/library-books-1068x712.jpg 1068w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_content tdi_70 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 td-post-content tagdiv-type\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_70\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/spanish-translations\/no-mas-realismo-magico-narrativa-latinoamericana-usa-la-imaginacion-y-la-fantasia-para-explicar-su-mundo\/\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/p>\n<p>For countries in the Global North, the \u201cpolycrisis\u201d has become a kind of dark cloud obscuring the horizon. The concept is increasingly the stuff of dystopian fantasies about a future set aflame by the convergence of multiple, global and existential challenges.<\/p>\n<p>In Latin America, the polycrisis has defined much of its history, and where once writers turned to magical realism, many now look to science fiction to depict that reality.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cConfusing what we are doing in Latin America\u2026 with magical realism is a common mistake,\u201d says Mexican writer and editor Libia Brenda, a slight irritation in her voice. \u201cMany in the North think that if it\u2019s not the science fiction they know, then it must be magical realism.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, what writers like Alberto Quimal and Gabriela Dami\u00e1n Miravete (Mexico), Fernanda Trias and Mariana Enriquez (Argentina), Ignacio de Loyola Brandao (Brazil) or Liliana Colanzi and Edmundo Paz Soldan (Bolivia) are doing with literature today has little relation to the works of writers like Colombia\u2019s Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez, the greatest exponent of Latin American magical realism.<\/p>\n<p>Marquez, whose best-known work, \u201cOne Hundred Years of Solitude,\u201d centers on the fictional town of Macondo, often drew for inspiration from the lives of everyday people and from history. By contrast, today\u2019s boom in Latin American literature delves into themes as varied as horror and environmentalism, technology, dystopia, and fantasy.<\/p>\n<p>According to some observers, these new works focus less on reconciling the past than on making sense of a fraught present and uncertain future.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"widget2\" title=\"Women and the Hopeful Futures of Mexican Science Fiction\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zlVT-JAI4OA?feature=oembed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"392\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-10=\"true\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Libia Brenda, Writer, Editor, and Translator, based in Mexico City; Climate Imagination Fellow, Center for Science and the Imagination, Arizona State University discusses the future envisioned by Mexican science fiction authors.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThe region is finding in its literature the futures that politicians are incapable of imagining,\u201d writer Jorge Carrion points out in a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/es\/2021\/06\/20\/espanol\/opinion\/literatura-latinoamerica-ciencia-ficcion.html\">recent New York Times essay<\/a>. These new mythologies, he continues, \u201care constructed by writers through the hybridization of an indigenous cosmovision with\u2026 feminism, of technology with humor, of essay with science fiction.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In other words, says Brenda, \u201cHere, we do our own thing.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A \u201cfantastic literature of another order\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>A distinctive feature of Latin American science fiction is the \u201ccombination of elements that we experience in real life and therefore can describe very naturally,\u201d she explains.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSomething we do a lot is to mix fantasy with science fiction, and fantasy not understood as in the framework of unicorns or dragons, but a fantastic literature of another order,\u201d she adds.<\/p>\n<p>An example is Mexican writer Gabriela Dami\u00e1n Miravete\u2019s \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/latinamericanliteraturetoday.org\/2018\/05\/they-will-dream-garden-gabriela-damian-miravete\/\">They Will Dream in the Garden<\/a>,\u201d where traces of the minds of murdered and disappeared women and girls are preserved in a \u201cholographic memorial\u201d as survivors attempt to preserve their memory in a future Mexico that has long since moved on.<\/p>\n<p>In a country where a minimum of ten women and girls die or disappear every day due to gender violence and domestic violence (rather conservative official figures), Dami\u00e1n Miravete\u2019s story imagines a future in which women organize themselves and stop the murders.<\/p>\n<p>Ursula K. Heise, a professor in the Department of English at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), points out that in Latin America, \u201cwhat has been striking has been the attention paid to social settings rather than science and technology\u201d in so-called science or \u201cspeculative\u201d fiction.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/miravete-ai-rendering.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21953 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/miravete-ai-rendering.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/miravete-ai-rendering.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/miravete-ai-rendering-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/miravete-ai-rendering-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/miravete-ai-rendering-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/miravete-ai-rendering-696x696.jpg 696w\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"650\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An AI rendering of the holographic garden depicted in Mexican writer Gabriela Dami\u00e1n Miravete\u2019s \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/latinamericanliteraturetoday.org\/2018\/05\/they-will-dream-garden-gabriela-damian-miravete\/\">They Will Dream in the Garden<\/a>.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cIf you think of people like Ignacio de Loyola Brandao in Brazil, science fiction becomes a way of articulating political criticism, doesn\u2019t it?\u201d explains Heise. \u201cHis great 1981 novel, Nao Verais Pais Nenhum (You Shall See No Country), is about a somewhat futuristic Sao Paulo, where the whole Amazon has been deforested. It\u2019s incredibly hot, and the whole thing is a metaphor for the military dictatorship of the time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Heise also references Bolivia\u2019s Edmundo Paz Sold\u00e1n, whose work in speculative fiction \u201carises in the context of having to write about oppressive forms of government under conditions of censorship.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Paz Sold\u00e1n\u2019s themes of a future society or of extra-terrestrial societies are widely interpreted as a veiled critique of conditions in his own country.<\/p>\n<p>Or take Argentine Pedro Mairal\u2019s 2005 novel, \u201cThe Year of the Desert,\u201d which has taken on a cult-like status. In it, a force called \u201cintemperate\u201d attacks the city of Buenos Aires, \u201cwhere chaos reigns, food rots, epidemics break out and women see their rights curtailed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe most plausible interpretation is that it refers to the 2001 collapse of the Argentine economy,\u201d Heise explains, \u201cand perhaps a roundabout way of dealing with the dictatorial past and European colonialism.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Searching for answers<\/h2>\n<p>Argentinian writer Mariana Enriquez, known as \u201cthe queen of gothic realism\u201d and recipient of multiple awards in Spanish and English, explained it this way during an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eleconomista.com.mx\/arteseideas\/Vivimos-un-horror-dificil-de-explicar-desde-el-realismo-Mariana-Enriquez-20210530-0079.html\">interview with Mexico\u2019s El Economista<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are living in a horror that is quite difficult to explain through realism. It seems to me that fiction, and especially horror fiction, helps to get answers. And why am I so interested in this answer? Maybe because I despair when there is no answer.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For Heise, anxieties fueling the dystopian futures present in so much of Anglo science fiction have long been a reality in Latin America.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe people of the Third World, the developing world, the Global South, so to speak, are already experiencing the problems of widespread waste, climate change, poverty, hunger, desertification, in a way that the Global North is beginning to experience, but not yet,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>And it is there \u2013 in that literature born of a tortured past, a complicated present, and an uncertain future \u2013 where from the magical realism of years past a new literary language emerges, even as Garcia Marquez\u2019 fabled Macondo recedes into memory.<\/p>\n<p><em>This story was produced as part of a special reporting series exploring how global societies and diaspora communities in the US are navigating the \u201cpolycrisis,\u201d a term increasingly used to describe the confluence of extant and emerging global crises. It was supported by a grant from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/omega.ngo\/\">Omega Resilience Awards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ByPilar Marrero Jun 14, 2023 Across&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opinion","category-u-s-a"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=58750"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58751,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58750\/revisions\/58751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=58750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=58750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}