{"id":70244,"date":"2025-01-27T17:26:42","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T01:26:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/?p=70244"},"modified":"2025-01-27T17:26:42","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T01:26:42","slug":"apocalyptic-destination-the-bibles-mixed-messaging-on-migrants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/?p=70244","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Apocalyptic Destination\u2019 \u2013 The Bible\u2019s Mixed Messaging on Migrants"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_author tdi_65 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_65\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\">\n<div class=\"tdb-author-name-wrap\"><span class=\"tdb-author-by\">By<\/span><a class=\"tdb-author-name\" href=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/author\/peters\/\">Peter Schurmann<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_date tdi_66 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_66\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\"><i class=\"tdb-date-icon tdc-font-fa tdc-font-fa-calendar\"><\/i><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2025-01-27T12:24:56-08:00\">Jan 27, 2025<\/time><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_featured_image tdi_68 tdb-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_68\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" title=\"Screenshot\" src=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/stranger-jesus-border.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1201px) 100vw, 1201px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/stranger-jesus-border.jpg 1201w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/stranger-jesus-border-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/stranger-jesus-border-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/stranger-jesus-border-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/stranger-jesus-border-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/stranger-jesus-border-696x464.jpg 696w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/stranger-jesus-border-1068x712.jpg 1068w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1201\" height=\"801\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_content tdi_69 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 td-post-content tagdiv-type\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_69\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\">\n<p><em>Within hours of taking office, Donald Trump signed a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/2025\/01\/20\/trump-executive-orders-list\/\">slew of executive orders<\/a>\u00a0that together signal a nation determined to shut out those seeking refuge here. Yii-Jan Lin, associate professor of New Testament at Yale Divinity School, says Trump\u2019s description of immigrants as invaders continues a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/americans-use-the-book-of-revelation-to-talk-about-immigration-and-always-have-240969\">long tradition in this country<\/a>\u00a0that draws from language in the Bible, and specifically the Book of Revelation.<\/em>\u00a0<em>\u201cRevelation is useful when you want to call someone out as an enemy and to seek their destruction,\u201d says Lin. She spoke with EMS Editor Peter Schurmann. (Feature image via\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/adammclane\/7002164515\">Flickr<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>What first brought you to look at the links between the Bible, and specifically the Book of Revelation, and immigration?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I started thinking about this project in the Bay Area. I was teaching at the Pacific School of Religion, part of the consortium of theological schools in Berkeley, and they asked me to lead a seminar on some biblical texts in the context of immigration and the AAPI community. Place names in the Bay Area are quite heavenly. There\u2019s the Golden Gate. Early Chinese immigrants first called San Francisco \u201cGold Mountain.\u201d Angel Island is where arrivals from Asia would be held. That got me thinking about the United States, its self-conception as a shining city on a hill, an apocalyptic destination of sorts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What do you mean by apocalyptic and how does that apply to immigrants<\/strong>?<\/p>\n<p>Apocalyptic in the ancient meaning suggests a revelation, like an unveiling. And that could be good or bad, depending on what side you\u2019re on. In the ancient Jewish and ancient Christian mindset, it meant showing the believer the reality behind everything. In the 1st Century context, if you believed that God\u2019s justice will come down on your side, then you\u2019re in a good spot, right? But if you are revealed to be God\u2019s enemy, then all of God\u2019s wrath\u2014in the form of plagues, earthquakes and floods\u2014will be visited on you. And that relates to the way we describe immigrants, either as welcome, coming to this golden, shining place of refuge, or rejecting them as enemies of God.<\/p>\n<p><strong>You\u2019ve described the Christian journey as akin to the immigrant experience. Can you say more on that?<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"widget2\" title=\"Apocalyptic Destination: The Bible\u2019s Mixed Messaging on Migrants\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ukGMHvY5xAk?feature=oembed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"392\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-11=\"true\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Americans opposed to immigration, specifically from non-European countries, have long depicted migrants in terms that draw heavily from the apocalyptic narrative found in the Book of Revelation, says Prof. Yii-Jan Lin.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>That is the Christian view, that everyone who believes is a pilgrim heading toward God\u2019s City. In parts of the New Testament, there\u2019s an understanding that the world is not our home. In his Letter to Philippians, Paul says your citizenship is in heaven, not on any place on Earth. So, there is that feeling of being an alien, a citizen of another place.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What do biblical sources tell us about immigrants?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A lot of it comes from the Hebrew Bible, what Christians call the Old Testament, where we have the Israelites as foreigners in Egypt, and then being travelers in the wilderness, and then finally reaching the promised land. Then we have the Torah, the giving of the law, in which God says, Remember, you were once foreigners in Egypt. So, you must treat the foreigner in your land with compassion, with justice. That is a huge theme in Jewish law and Israelite law. When we get to the New Testament, there\u2019s the memory of that. So, you find in this new construction of a Christian identity that they\u2019re still travelers on the way. It\u2019s an important theme that gets picked up explicitly when talking about strangers or newcomers, the idea of do unto others, of having compassion or showing mercy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>That message of mercy was at the core of Episcopal Bishop Mariann Budde\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Y17GhAr7_Sc\">post-inauguration sermon<\/a>. On the other side are Christians who say we must defend the country from immigrants. How do we square these opposing interpretations?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>They represent very different corners of the Christian Bible. The Book of Revelation is describing ultimate realities in which God\u2019s Kingdom is finally realized. That\u2019s it, we\u2019ve reached the end of any mercy or compassion. Then, identifying a nation state to God\u2019s country is especially dangerous because you put that absolute onto a place, onto a certain type of people. I would say white supremacists make that claim. That is a very different text than what we find in the Gospels, in which we have the story of the life of Jesus. They are two different genres with different purposes. Revelation is useful when you want to call someone out as an enemy and to seek their destruction. It\u2019s not so useful to take the teachings of Jesus, who says, Love your enemies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is the Bible\u2019s broader message when it comes to nationalism and borders?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s a huge question. If we think about it in a historical sense, the nation state didn\u2019t exist back then, but there were kingdoms, with different categories of belonging or not belonging, and conflict between some of those identities. We have the conflict between the Canaanites and Israelites, exile and the seizing of land in Israelite history. When you get into the New Testament, you have the domination of the Roman Empire and resistance to it. Revelation is an interesting book because it\u2019s resisting Empire, but it replaces that empire with God\u2019s Empire, which is problematic because it\u2019s thinking of heaven as a bigger, better Rome. God\u2019s throne room looks a lot like a Roman imperial court. But there are places where you find a call to compassion, a call to breaking dividing walls, a call to reconciliation between different ethnic groups. Acts 2 is oftentimes held up as a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/politicaltheology.com\/the-politics-of-language-acts-21-21-amy-allen\/\">point of inclusion<\/a>\u00a0for the different ethnicities in Jerusalem, who hear God\u2019s Word in their respective languages. There are moments where you see multiplicity and a sense of reconciliation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/us-racist-cartoon.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-33571\" src=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/us-racist-cartoon-1024x638.jpeg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/us-racist-cartoon-1024x638.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/us-racist-cartoon-300x187.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/us-racist-cartoon-768x479.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/us-racist-cartoon-150x94.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/us-racist-cartoon-696x434.jpeg 696w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/us-racist-cartoon-1068x666.jpeg 1068w, https:\/\/ethnicmediaservices.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/us-racist-cartoon.jpeg 1200w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"638\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>\u2018Uncle Sam\u2019s Farm in Danger\u2019: an 1878 cartoon by G. F. Keller depicts Chinese emigrants fleeing famine.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Uncle_Sam%27s_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878_(cropped).jpg\">The Wasp via Wikimedia Commons<\/a><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Your book offers historical examples of how America leaned on Revelation when formulating its policies toward immigrants. What did that look like, specifically?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Some of the starkest examples we have are those laws aimed at Chinese immigrants, starting in 1875 and then into the 20th century. Arguments in the Senate at the time described the Chinese as heathens, of not belonging to a Christian nation, so why would we ever allow them in. They\u2019re described as coming in large numbers. One cartoon from the time depicts Chinese immigrants as locusts, like a divine plague. Others link immigrants to disease. The worst possible treatment is at the US Mexico border, when, in the 1910s and onward, Mexicans were understood as most likely to carry typhoid. As in Revelation, where people can only enter the gates after washing their robes, workers coming in at the border had to get a bath ticket. They literally had to wash to get in the gates. But officials were also dousing them in kerosene to kill ticks or lice that they thought would carry typhoid. There was a fire that killed people because of that. They\u2019re also spraying and dusting them with DDT and Zyklon B, absolutely carcinogenic and horrible. There\u2019s one section of an interview where a Mexican migrant worker described being dusted with powder, joking afterwards, \u201cI guess we\u2019re all gringos now, right?\u201d because of the white powder covering him.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reporting suggests the Trump administration is now looking for a new health threat as grounds to reinstate Title 42.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s a repeat of history. It began with the Chinese and COVID, and then it moved to the border. It\u2019s the same thing.<\/p>\n<p><em>Yii-Jan Lin is Associate Professor of New Testament at Yale Divinity School, where she teaches the critical study of ancient texts and their interpretation, especially in relation to race and gender. She is the author of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yiijanlin.com\/immigrationandapocalypse\">Immigration and Apocalypse<\/a>, which explores religious, biblical, and apocalyptic themes in American immigration history.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ByPeter Schurmann Jan 27, 2025 Within&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opinion","category-u-s-a"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=70244"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70244\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70245,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70244\/revisions\/70245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=70244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=70244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapost.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=70244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}